Jurnal Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan (JPPL)

The Relationship of PM2.5 and PM10 in Ambient Air to Acute Respiratory Infections (Case Study of Tanjung Jambu Village, East Merapi District, Lahat Regency

Jerri Agustan — 2024-09-30

The increase in coal mining activities in Lahat Regency, South Sumatra Province continues to increase, which has an impact on Tanjung Jambu Village which is a portal for special road entry for lifting and transporting coal. This of course has the potential to result in a decrease in ambient air quality. This study aims to determine the relationship between PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, as well as to examine the physical environmental factors and community behavior at the productive age of 15-64 years to the increase in the incidence of ISPA, to further provide recommendations and control strategies. This study used an analytical observational study design with crosss sectional, samples were selected by stratified random system, Particulate Matter (PM) data was collected directly using High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) at two sample points with a distance of <50m and >50m from the road, data on Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI), physical condition of the environment and community behavior were obtained from the results of observations and interviews through questionnaires. The results showed that the concentration of PM_2.5 PM₁₀ met the requirements below the environmental quality standards. that is determined. The prevalence of ARI community is 25.5%, not ARIA is 74.5%, which means there is no relationship to the increase in the incidence of ARI. Five variables of physical factors of the environment and community habits, namely ventilation, residential density, distance from the house to the road, smoking behavior, hand washing and the use of masks are not related. The variable of smoking habit had a significant relationship with the incidence of ARI (OR= 2,315; 95% CI: 1,388-4,007).

Impact of Microplastic Pollution on Fish, Shellfish and Sediments in Indonesian Waters: A Review

Ronaldy Lovina — 2024-09-30

The presence of microplastics adversely affects the presence of toxic absorbs such as PBTs (persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances) and POPs (persistent organic pollutants). The process of degradation of plastic waste into microplastics can be through natural and chemical processes. Plastic type waste and synthetic / elastic will be difficult to decompose naturally. The increase in population will have an impact on the value of consumption so that it has an impact on individual or household waste production. Residents have the potential to move from one place to another in making tourist visits to water areas. As a result of poor behavior, garbage has the potential to be thrown anywhere. The types of waste found are plastic, cigarette wraps and butts, thread, nylon, bottles, plastic materials and other types. The research method used is an approach to scientific journals on various platforms (Mendeley, Google, University Journals and so on). Plastic decomposition will decompose in the soil very slowly and takes up to 1000 years, even waste from plastic bottles can decompose within 450 years to degrade to make microplastics. Microplastics are found in marine life such as fish, snails and sediments in waters. Microplastics are found in several types, namely pellets, fragments, fibers, Styrofoam films, and foams. The shape or type that dominates is the shape of fiber. Microplastics have an adverse impact on the health of organisms in the waters, including disorders of organisms in the waters are disorders of endoctrination, metabolism, tissue destruction, inflammation and growth disorders and decreased survival.

Proposed Waste Management in Margasari Village, Bandung City using System Dynamics Modeling

Winna Miftahuljanah — 2024-09-30

Kelurahan Margasari in Bandung West Java, located at Jalan Cipagalo Girang No. 9. Covering an area of 272.18 hectares, Margasari is the largest kelurahan in the kecamatan Buah Batu, accounting for 37% of its total area. Margasari is among the kelurahan that generate substantial waste, originating from household and business activities. The research aims to identify waste flow in kelurahan Margasari and propose waste management strategies to reduce waste generation based on system dynamics simulation results. A quantitative approach employing system dynamics methodology is utilized. Simulations encompass three scenarios: Scenario 1 represents the baseline, Scenario 2 involves waste sorting with 100% organic waste recycling and proportional distribution of inorganic waste, while Scenario 3 incorporates waste sorting with 100% organic waste remaining untreated and 100% inorganic waste processed. Over a 1,000-day simulation period, Scenario 3 exhibits the lowest waste amount deposited in the landfill, totaling 4,813.28 kg/day. This reduction is attributed to the full segregation of inorganic waste. Thus, maximizing waste sorting in kelurahan Margasari proves to be the most effective approach in minimizing landfill waste. Model validation confirms the applicability of system dynamics in analyzing interrelated factors crucial for sustainable waste management planning

Analysis of Cigayam River Water Pollution due to Natural Stone Industry Waste Disposal

Bella Salsabilla — 2024-09-30

One of the problems in rivers is water pollution due to the discharge of waste directly into the river, which can reduce the quality of river water. The large number of natural stone processing activities in Dukupuntang District has the potential to become a source of river water pollution. The aim of this research is to analyze river water pollution due to the disposal of natural stone industrial waste in terms of physical, chemical and biological parameters, as well as determine the impact of river water pollution due to the disposal of natural stone industrial waste on the water quality of the Cigayam River. This research was carried out in Cangkoak Village, Dukupuntang District, Cirebon Regency. This research analyzes physical parameters (temperature, water brightness, water color, water smell, current speed), chemical parameters (pH, DO, BOD, COD) which are compared with class IV water quality standards based on Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 about Implementation of Protection and Enviromental Management, biological parameters (macroinvertebrates) identified using the electronic book Introduction to Southeast Asian Pond and River Invertebrates. The research results showed a decrease in river water quality with several test parameters that exceeded quality standards, namely pH, DO, BOD, COD. The water quality index value at stations 1 and 2 shows moderately polluted water quality, while station 3 shows dirty polluted water quality. This explains that the disposal of natural stone waste directly into rivers causes a decrease in water quality, one of which is due to the content of chemicals, such as metal elements or salts which can affect water quality. Thus, the pollution level of the Cigayam River is included in the moderate pollution level.

Analysis of the Level of Understanding and Implementation of Hazardous Waste Management at Motorcycle Repair Shops in Makassar City

Aminuddin Aminuddin — 2024-09-30

Hazardous and toxic (B3) waste management is an important aspect in preserving the environment and public health in urban areas, as this waste includes a variety of materials that can cause serious damage if not managed properly. The research method used is mixed method, using data collection interviews, observation, documentation and questionnaire studies. Based on the research results obtained: (1) knowledge of hazardous waste in Makassar city motorcycle repair shops shows quite good results with an average value of 4.15 which falls into the "Good" category with a percentage of 24.66%; (2) Hazardous waste treatment is very important to reduce negative impacts on the environment and human health, including the process of identification, classification, collection, and treatment with appropriate methods, such as recycling and chemical neutralization; and (3) Utilization of hazardous waste, such as used oil, as a lubricant, coolant, and household stove fuel, provides economic benefits and supports more environmentally friendly and sustainable workshop operations.

Planning Of A Household Scale Biodigester Unit For Biogas Recovery In Sekeloa District, Bandung City

Riza Azrilla Sulaeman — 2024-09-30

Waste is one of the environmental problems in Bandung City. RT 05 RW 04 Sekeloa Village, Bandung City has a waste problem in its environment in the form of accumulation of waste caused by the difficulty of road access and the diverse topographical conditions of the area so that the transportation process does not run well. This research aims to plan biodigesters technology from organic waste so that it can minimize waste accumulation and provide benefits to local residents. This research was conducted by collecting observations, questionnaires, and analyzing the technical and non-technical aspects of waste management in RT 05 RW 04. From the analysis, it was found that the biodigester volume that can be used is 8.49 m³ with a diameter of 3 m, and a height of 1 m with a capacity to process organic waste of 113 kg / day. The designed biodigester is able to serve 178 people out of 222 people in RT 05 RW 04. With this biodigester technology, it is expected to reduce the use of LPG gas to 135 kg with a nominal value of Rp.2,970,000 every month

Synthesis Of Biodegradable Plastic From Canna Starch With Modification Of Afkir Milk Casein And Sorbitol Plasticizer

Herman Yoseph Sriyana — 2024-09-30

Canna starch has the potential to be a raw material for biodegradable plastic because it has a total starch content of 93.30%, amylose content of 42.40% and amylopectin 50.90%. The research aims to study the effect of the ratio of canna starch and casein rejected milk with sorbitol modification on the characteristics of biodegradable plastic. The variables of this research were the ratio of canna starch and casein from rejected milk (4:0; 3:1; 2:2) and stirring for 30 minutes at 75°C and the addition of sorbitol (2%, 3%, 4% , 5%). The process of making biodegradable plastic is carried out by pouring a biodegradable plastic solution according to variables into a mold, then drying it using an oven at 70°C for 6 hours and the mold is taken out to dry at room temperature for 24 hours. The plastic formed is tested for tensile strength, elongation, biodegradation, morphology. The results of this research show that the higher the canna starch added and the lower the casein added, the more water resistance, tensile strength, elongation increases, and biodegradation increases. The smaller the ratio of canna starch and milk casein (the greater the amount of milk casein), the higher the water resistance, tensile strength, elongation and biodegradability of the resulting bioplastic. The best combination ratio of starch and casein was obtained at a ratio of 4:0 which provided the highest water resistance of 81.82%, the highest tensile strength of 5.48 MPa, the highest elongation of 26.67, and the highest biodegradation of 0.08. The higher the amount of sorbitol added increases the value of elongation, biodegradation. The best addition of sorbitol was obtained at a concentration of 5% which provided the highest elongation of 8.57, biodegradation of 0.11, while the best tensile strength was obtained at a concentration of 1% of 3.40 MPa.

Review of the Implementation of Supervision of the Karawang Regency Environmental Agency on Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management by Industrial Activities

Alfy Nur Auliya Zahra — 2024-09-30

The Karawang Regency Government has a target to make Karawang Regency an industrial city. Based on open Jabar 2021 data, there are 1,608 industries in Karawang Regency, which has many negative impacts on the environment. Many industrial production processes use hazardous and toxic materials. The number of industries in Karawang Regency will increase the amount of hazardous and toxic waste that will be produced. Therefore, the supervision of industries is assigned to the Environmental Agency of Karawang Regency. This study aims to determine the supervisory function carried out by the Environmental Agency of Karawang Regency in the management of hazardous and toxic waste in industrial activities in Karawang Regency. The method used is by conducting direct observations and interviews at Environmental Agency of Karawang Regency with a span of 4 months. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, Environmental Agency of Karawang Regency has carried out supervision of hazardous and toxic waste management properly and is in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, namely Law Number 32 of 2009. Supervision priority is given to industries that have potential violations, locations vulnerable to pollution, and high-risk activities. This effort aims to protect the environment, public health and sustainable natural resources. Supervision is conducted directly and indirectly. The management of hazardous and toxic waste has covered all aspects starting from the environmental documents to the hazardous and toxic waste management

Analysis of Material Variations to Fertilizer Organic Liquid From Food Waste

Nabila Nurulita Maghfirani — 2024-09-30

A The generation of food waste is increasing along with the times. Food waste that is not processed properly will increase carbon emissions from the degradation of the waste. Therefore, proper processing is needed to reduce the generation of food waste. One method of processing food waste is to process food waste into liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) through an anaerobic fermentation process. In this research, food waste was processed into LOF using the fermentation method. This fermentation was carried out for 12 days without the presence of oxygen. In this study, there were variations in stirring to analyze the comparison of LOF results with these variations. Apart from that, food waste is mixed with goat and cat feces. This dirt can increase levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the LOF. Analysis of LOF quality parameters in this study consisted of C-organic, phosphorus, potassium, N-total, and pH. The results of this research showed that pH of LOF met LOF quality standard based on the degree of the Minister of Agriculture No. 261 2019. The results of the MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) test show material variations affected all dependent variables with a significance value of α < 0,05. The best variation was 40% cat feces and 60% food waste that produced the highest total NPK.

Analysis of Paving Blocks based on Visible Properties and Reduction of Multilayer Plastic Waste, Sanitary Ceramic Waste, and Shoe Rubber Waste

fatma nurkhaerani — 2024-09-30

Multilayer plastic waste, sanitary ceramics and rubber have potential as paving block mixtures. Multilayer plastic waste is difficult to decompose and recycle, resulting in minimal management. In addition to multilayer plastic waste, rubber waste is also hard to decompose because it is a non-organic waste resistant to water, soil, and chemical compounds. Ceramic waste can be used as a mix for paving blocks due to its durability and strength, and it helps reduce the volume of waste being disposed of. This research aims to see the suitability of the visible properties of paving blocks from these three wastes with SNI 03-0691-1996 concerning Concrete Bricks (Paving Blocks) and the amount of waste reduction potential. Making paving blocks uses 8 (eight) compositions, namely Ceramic Waste (LKK): Multilayer Plastic Waste (LPM) at 20%:80%, 30%:70%, 40%:60% and 0%:100%. Then Ceramic Waste (LKK): Multilayer Plastic Waste (LPM): and Rubber Waste (LKT) at 20%:60%:20%, 30%:50%:20%, 40%:40%:20%, and 50%:30%:20%. The visible properties of paving blocks that comply with SNI 03-0691-1996 are only found in some samples. Non-compliance with SNI can be caused by several things, including varying composition amounts, mixing materials (homogenization) and paving block printing. Based on the results of making paving blocks with 8 (eight) different compositions, there are 3 (three) compositions whose properties appear to be by SNI 03-0691-1996, namely at a composition of 20% LKK: 80% LPM, 100% LPM, and 20 % LKT: 60% LPM: 20% LKK. The amount of waste reduction from these three wastes ranges from 167.6 kg to 768 kg.

Keywords: waste, plastic, ceramic, rubber, paving block.

Identification of Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Cow Manure Polije Feedlot and Banana Peel

Saiful Anwar — 2024-09-30

Politeknik Negeri Jember has cow dung waste which needs to be utilized so that it does not pollute the environment. However, the C/N ratio of cow dung is 24. To optimize biogas production, raw materials that contain high carbon sources can be added. Banana peel is waste with a carbon content of 36%, so it is an alternative raw material that can be used to produce biogas. Analysis of total C from cow dung and banana peels was carried out using spectrophotometric methods. Total N analysis of cow feces and banana peels was carried out based on the Kjeldhal method. The sample weight for each type of material was made of 2 samples, for banana peel the weight of the samples made was 236 mg and 312 mg. Meanwhile, for cow feces, the sample weights were 223 mg and 291 mg. The average organic carbon obtained from banana peels is 2.413%, while the organic carbon in cow feces is 4.569%. This result was obtained by comparing the relationship between the sample's absolute standard and concentration against a graph. In the process of making biogas, the nitrogen content should not be excessive because this can result in the production of excess ammonia gas rather than methane gas. The average nitrogen content in banana peels and cow feces is 0.062% and 0.160% respectively. These results indicate that the nitrogen content in the sample is relatively very small so it has the potential to be used as a raw material for making biogas. The results of the organic carbon and nitrogen content in banana peels and cow dung were compared. The average value of the C/N ratio of banana peel is 39.158% and cow feces is 28.707%. These two results indicate that both samples have the potential to produce good biogas.

Reduction of Congo Red Dyes via Coagulation-Flocculation with Chitosan from Mud Crab Shell (Scylla serrata)

Tarikh Azis Ramadani — 2024-09-30

The mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) represents a notable component of the Indonesian marine biota. The utilization of mangrove crabs as a food source results in the deposition of shell waste. The shells of these crustaceans contain chitin, which can be synthesised into chitosan. One of the advantages of chitosan is that it can be utilized as a coagulant to reduce congo red dye. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of mangrove crab shell-based chitosan and its performance in the coagulation and flocculation process using the jar test method. The chitosan derived from mud crab shells exhibited a degree of deacetylation (DD) value of 74%. The operating parameters for the coagulation and flocculation process were a coagulant dosage of 25-150 mg/L and a congo red concentration of 100-250 mg/L. The results of the study demonstrate that an increase in coagulant dose results in enhanced treatment performance, reaching a point of saturation where performance declines or stabilizes. Similarly, elevated initial Congo red concentrations also influence the effectiveness of higher coagulation. The removal of congo red dye with the effect of coagulant dose and initial concentration of congo red resulted in a percent removal of up to 99.9% at a coagulant concentration of 150 mg/L and a congo red concentration of 250 mg/L

Preparation of a Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Pektin-Based Hydrogel As an Adsorbent of Cu (II) Using the Freeze-Thaw Method

Nurazizah Melani Dewi — 2024-09-30

Water pollution is a serious global problem caused by increasing industrialization and urbanization. The heavy metal Cu is one of the dangerous compounds that causes water pollution because it has a toxic effect on humans and can cause mental retardation, anemia, hypertension, etc. Removal of Cu metal in water can be done using CMC and Pectin-based hydrogel adsorbents. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer composites with a physically well-defined three-dimensional (3D) network and chemically responsive functional groups, which enable the hydrogel to easily capture metal ions without dissolving. The hydrogel synthesized via the Freeze-Thaw method has greater elastic characteristics. The adsorption properties were investigated by two isotherm models and five kinetic models. FTIR analysis proved that the –OH group was detected freely due to the interaction between CMC and pectin, the COOH group with the highest ability to bind metals, and other groups, namely C=O, C-O, and C-O-C. BET analysis shows that the hydrogel has a surface area of 1.685 m²/g and is classified as type 1 on the isotherm chart, referring to the dominance of micropores in a material or materials with mesopore content close to micropores. The optimum conditions in the adsorption process are at a concentration of 223 ppm, using the Langmuir isotherm model with an adsorption efficiency of 20,84%. The highest adsorption capacity was at a concentration of 74 ppm which occurred at 120 minutes, using a Pseudo 2nd Order kinetic model with an adsorption efficiency of 85,07%.

Characterization of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO/SiO2 Catalyst From Egg Shell and Rice Husk Extract

Shafwan Amrullah — 2024-09-30

Renewable energy currently has great attention to world energy security. This is because fossil-based oil reserves are depleting. One alternative renewable energy is biodiesel. The current price of biodiesel production is still relatively expensive. So this study aims to make cheap biodiesel from used cooking oil. The catalyst used is CaO/SiO2 from egg shell waste and rice husks with a ratio of 50:50 w/w. The study was conducted by making catalysts with certain calcinations and characterizing the catalyst using the Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). Furthermore, biodiesel was made through esterification and transesterification processes. The CaO/SiO2 catalyst produced has a total surface area of 31.958 m2/gram. This value has met the standard for the surface area of heterogeneous catalysts. The yield of biodiesel produced from the amount of catalyst 5; 10; and 15 grams were respectively 80%, 81%, and 86%. The density of biodiesel decreases with increasing levels of catalyst used. The density of biodiesel with catalyst amounts of 5, 10, and 15 grams were 890, 860, and 870 kg/m3, respectively. These values have met SNI 7162:2015. The resulting kinematic viscosity decreased slightly with increasing amounts of catalyst used. The kinematic viscosity produced from catalyst amounts of 5; 10; and 15 grams were 3.1; 3.1; and 3.0 mm2/s, respectively. The FFA content of biodiesel tended to decrease with increasing amounts of catalyst used. The results of this study have not met the standard for FFA content of biodiesel, which is a maximum of 0.5 mg-KOH/g. The resulting FFA content was 0.64%, 0.65%, and 0.64%, respectively. Increasing the amount of catalyst used caused an increase in methyl ester stearate. The yields of methyl ester stearate produced based on the amount of catalyst 5, 10, and 15 grams were 80.3%; 91.4%; and 95.8%, respectively.

Testing of Tensile Strength and Hardness on Alkyd Resin from Combination of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate and Butylated Urea Formaldehyde

Mukasi Wahyu Kurniawati — 2024-09-30

The utilization of polymers, particularly alkyd resin, across various industries is increasing due to its superior characteristics such as flexibility and strength. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) and tert-butylated urea formaldehyde are two commonly used raw materials in the production of these polymers. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties, particularly tensile strength and hardness, of coating materials made from a combination of PFAD-based alkyd resin and tert-butylated urea-formaldehyde. The synthesis of the resins carried out with various material composition and involves an oxalic acid as catalyst, followed by testing the tensile strength and hardness of the coating material.. The results indicate that variations in the composition of materials and the use of catalysts affect the mechanical characteristics of the materials. Changes in material composition may result in variations in tensile strength, while the use of catalysts influences the hardness of the materials. An increase in the amount of tert-butylated urea formaldehyde leads to an increase in tensile strength in some compositions, but in certain compositions, weaknesses in the bond between alkyd resin and tert-butylated urea formaldehyde result in a decrease in tensile strength. For instance, at a mole ratio of tert-butylated urea formaldehyde to butanol of 1:1, the highest tensile strength obtained was 50 MPa, while at a ratio of 2:1, the tensile strength decreased to 40 MPa.