Pengaruh Kontaminasi Asap Kendaraan Terhadap Tegangan Flashover Isolator Porselen Menggunakan Metode Slow Rate of Rise Test
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Abstract
Isolator berperan penting dalam menjaga kestabilan dan keandalan sistem jaringan listrik. Pada kondisi lapangan kontaminasi polutan seperti asap kendaraan pada permukaan isolator dapat mengurangi kekuatan dielektrik dan meningkatkan resiko terjadinya flashover pada isolator, terlebih kondisi basah memperburuk kondisi ini. Karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kontaminasi dan variasi massa polutan asap kendaraan terhadap tegangan flashover isolator. Isolator yang digunakan adalah isolator porselen jenis pasak, dengan polutan berupa jelaga asap kendaraan yang diambil dari knalpot sepeda motor dan variasi massa polutan yang diuji adalah 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, dan 9 g. Proses kontaminasi isolator oleh polutan menggunakan standar IEC 60815-1, dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan polutan dan 50 ml air aquades lalu mengoleskannya pada permukaan isolator secara merata menggunakan kuas. Pengujian tegangan flashover dilakukan pada kondisi isolator basah dan kering menggunakan tegangan tinggi AC melalui metode Slow Rate of Rise Test. Isolator porselen bersih memiliki tegangan flashover 79,49 kV kondisi kering dan 58,84 kV kondisi basah, setelah dikontaminasi tegangan flashover menurun seiring dengan penambahan massa ploutan hingga mencapai 48,69 kV kondisi kering dan 28,54 kV kondisi basah pada massa polutan 9 g. Penelitian ini juga mengukur NSDD (Non-Soluble Deposit Density) untuk mengetahui tingkat deposit polutan pada isolator. Nilai NSDD meningkat seiring dengan penambahan massa polutan, mulai dari 0,6 mg/cm² untuk 1 g polutan hingga 5,53 mg/cm² untuk 9 g, yang berkontribusi pada penurunan tegangan flashover dan performa isolator porselen.
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